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‘Magic is pivotal to the plot of the play.’
Examine how magic contributes both to the creation and resolution of conflict. in the play. In your essay, also comment on Shakespeare’s use of dramatic techniques in assisting with his presentation of magic.
Magic - the creation of conflict | Conflict is seen in the play when Prospero uses magic to create a storm to bring his enemies on the shore on his island together to seek his revenge and restore himself as the Duke of Milan. Prospero creates thunder and roaring waves, Antonio reveals his murderous tendencies by threatening the boatswain with hanging if he doesn’t rescue them from peril. Magic was used to create conflict in the tempest when Prospero created a storm to bring his enemies to shore so that he could get revenge and claim his place as Duke of Milan. A secondary conflict involves Prospero and Caliban, an ill-tempered son of Sycorax, a witch. Using powerful magic, Prospero conjures up the tempest with the aid of Ariel to force his enemies onto the shores of his island, where he can get revenge and restore himself to power as Duke of Milan. The conflict in the play was caused by prospero’s magic. The conflict aspect was introduced as he used his magic to create an illusion of a storm which aided his plot to distract and seek revenge from Antonio and King Alonzo.
Magic created conflict at the beginning of the play when Prospero conjures up the tempest with the help of Ariel. Prospero forced his enemies onto his island to get revenge. Prospero created the tempest to trap those who have betrayed him. Before Prospero landed on the island, his devotion to the study of magic got him into big trouble. While Prospero's nose was buried in his extensive library, his brother managed to steal his title "Duke of Milan" and get him thrown out of Italy. isolated on the isle, making his magic his number one priority. Caliban had the island to himself but he was overcome by Prospero's magic, and Caliban now plots against Prospero with Alonso's jester, Trinculo, and buffoonish Stephano, who were shipwrecked on the island along with Antonio and Alonso caused by a storm with the use of prospero's magic One of the major conflicts is between Prospero and Antonio who was aided in his overthrow of Prospero by Alonso. Prospero uses his powerful magic to make a violent storm which shipwrecks Antonio, Alonso, and others onto Prospero's island. Prospero intends to effect some kind of revenge against Antonio and Alonso, although Prospero's not quite sure what form that ultimate revenge will take, except to punish Antonio and Alonso with the help of his magic and Ariel and restore himself as Duke of Milan. Conflict is seen when magic was used by Prospero to create a storm to bring his enemies to shore so that he can seek vengeance. The conflict in the play was a result of Prospero's magic which he used to create the Tempest (storm). He used his magic to help him in regaining what was rightfully his. The storm was an illusion which was mainly to distract and seek revenge from Antonio and King Alonzo. When Prospero has his enemies, he uses magical illusions to play upon their emotions. In the Tempest, Prospero uses his magic to make Antonio and Alonso repent and restore him to his rightful place. An example of magic being used for this purpose was at the beginning, where Prospero conjured up a storm, causing their ship to be wrecked and forcing them onto the island. Magic was used to create the tempest. It was misused for revenge and to take over leadership of the island. Prospero used his magic to make the creatures fear him and used that fear to control him. In the beginning of the play Prospero, who is seen as the most powerful character because of his magic. He uses his magic as a way of establishing himself as a ruler. His magic brings about conflict as this is what he uses to seek vengeance on enemies and bring them ashore on the island he was on through the illusion of the storm. In the play the Tempest conflict is seen when magic is used to create a storm by Prospero to bring his enemies to shore so that he can seek revenge and claim his place as the Duke of Milan. Conflict is seen at the beginning of the play where Prospero commanded Ariel to conjure up the Tempest at sea, using his magic, which wrecked the ship amidst great confusion. Throughout the play Prospero uses his magic to whip up a dramatic storm, to bully his servants, to manipulate his enemies, and to orchestrate his daughter's marriage to the Prince of Naples which all bring forward conflict Prospero who was the former duke of Milan was betrayed by his brother Antonio. He uses the power of his books to seek revenge as he created a tempest in other words a storm to cause destruction in act 1 scene 1, causing those who were on the ship to crash onto the shore of an island. In the Tempest, Prospero heavily depends on powerful magic. At the beginning of the play, a violent tempest (storm) was formed by Prospero using magic. The goal of the tempest was to force Propsero enemies onto the island he resides on so that he can seek revenge. Throughout the play, Prospero sends his servant Ariel to do a lot of tasks with the aid to madic. For example; to punish Caliban, and to start a conflict between Antonio, Sebastian, Gonzalo and Alonso. Magic is used to portray conflict in the play by the storm tempest which was the main conflict in the play.The storm was used to lure the royal party onto the island for Prospero to do what he desires with them.
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Magic - contributes to the resolution of conflict | Prospero also uses his magic to resolve the conflict to bring all of them together and forgives them all for the betrayal Conversely, Ferdinand shows his love for Miranda to be true when Prospero binds him with a charm. Within these two characters. Magic was used to resolve conflict when Prospero gathered Alonso and Antonio in the ending and forgave them for their betrayal. The Tempest ends with a general sense of resolution and hope. After four acts in which Prospero uses magic to split up, disorient, and psychologically torture his enemies, in the final act he lures everyone to the same spot on the island and forgives Alonso and Antonio for their betrayal twelve years prior. Prospero used his magic in order to bring everyone together and eventually bring forgiveness upon them all. With the aid of his magic, Miranda met Ferdinand and fell in love. Prospero uses magic to split up, disorient, and psychologically torture his enemies, in the final act he lures everyone to the same spot on the island and forgives Alonso and Antonio for their betrayal twelve years prior. Magic also resolved the conflict as Prospero talks about his study of magic and that it cost him his dukedom therefore he uses magic to reclaim himself to power. Although Prospero uses a lot of his magic for revenge, in the end he has a change of heart and feels bad for what he has done to Alonso, Antonio and the others. He gathers them in the ending and forgives them for the betrayal they have caused him. Prospero lures everyone using his magic to the same spot on the island and forgives Antonio and Alonso for their behaviour. Prospero used his magic in order to bring everyone together and eventually forgave them all. With the help of his magic, Miranda met Ferdinand and a bond was formed. He continues to show his power by trying to set up Miranda and Ferdinand for marriage but allowing them to believe it was their idea and not his. Prospero uses his magic to set out a banquet before them, bringing them all together, where accusations were made and those who wronged were forgiven by Prospero. In the end his magic was used to free the island and its creatures. He used his magic to bring back his family together and to bring together his daughter and Sebastien. Propsero then uses his magic to resolve the conflict by luring everyone to one spot on the island to explain what was happening, where he forgave Alonso and Antonio.
In the final act Prospero lures everyone using his magic to the same spot on the island and forgives Alonso and Antonio for their betrayal. At the end of the play magic could have been seen as an interconnected for example Prospero uses his magic to gather everyone. The power of his books showed repentance and forgiveness. It helped solve conflicts in the play for instance one of the characters who was Alonso ,the king of Naples was remorseful and also had a major character development. During the final act of the play, after Propsero uses his magic to split up and torture emotionally, mentally and physically his enemies. He uses Ariel (magic) to lure his enemies to one location of the island where everyone meets face to face and he eventually forgives both his brother and the King of Naples, Antonio and Alonso for the betrayal his daughter and himself had to face. Magic was used when to resolve this conflict was at the end of the play where everyone was rejoined for the wedding of Miranda and Ferdinand which was put together by prospero and ariel
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Dramatic technique that presents magic | Imagery- this is used in the tempest to conjure vivid images in the audiences or reader's mind of what is happening, it helps them to become fully invested into the plot of the play. This is because when the play was first written it was not acted out but first read by many who didn't see the story but instead read it. It helped to give small insights to the nature of the characters and show their dramatic effect of the script. An example of this is when Prospero was calling Miranda to tell her about the many creatures that inhabited the island before they came he says in act 1 of scene 2 “to cry, to the sea…” Shakespear used these to dramatize the event for the audiences to enjoy and vest themselves into it. Another example is when Ariel made his appearance during the banquet scene of act3. The use of words such as ‘Thunder’ and ‘Lightning’. It made the scene strike fear into the audiences. Symbolism- There are a few examples of symbolism in the tempest such as:
The Tempest- itself is symbolism in the first act as Prospero used the storm that was created by his magic to set the stones into action. At a first read the storm would seem like the tool Prospero used to begin his revenge of the Royals that wronged him but in fact it was revealed through some analyzing that the storm was used to show Prospero's Power, his thirst for revenge was so strong that he acquired this power to defeat those who had stolen from him. Prospero's Books- They symbolise that knowledge is power to whomever wields it, as these texts have taught him all he knows, to control people and the spirits as he pleases. Examples of this include Caliban telling his ‘new master’ stephano if he wants to rid Prospero of his power ‘get rid of the books’. Though this was said as the ranting of a drunkard it does show that Prospero relies highly on those books that give him his supernatural powers. Prospero's Staff- Though it wasn’t as prominently spoken about as the other this was shown to be equally as important as Prospero had made his amends he broke his staff to bury them along with his books. The staff also gave him enhanced powers to do as he pleased so that he could accomplish his revenge.
Water- is used throughout the play as a Motif to emphasize the significance of the Tempest itself. Motif is a literary technique that consists of a repeated element that has symbolic significance to a literary work. Sometimes, a motif is a recurring image. Other times, it's a repeated word, phrase, or topic expressed in language. A motif can be a recurring situation or action. <google definition made me think of the water in the play….it was a lil sneaky but it seemed odd cause it constantly came up:
Act 1 well the whole storm leaving the royals shipwrecked. Act2 when the royals washed up onto the island soaked and drenched. Act3 When the king thinks Ferdinand is dead [via drowning might I add?] he threatens to drown himself???Act 4 I think when Ariel leads Caliban, Trinculo and Stephano to the ‘Foul lake’ as a punishment or something..?Act 5 when Prospero says he’s gonna drown his books?
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Examine how magic contributes both to the creation and resolution of conflict in the play. In your essay, also comment on Shakespeare’s use of ONE dramatic technique in assisting with his presentation of magic.
How magic creates conflict?
Prospero conjures up a storm which creates a problem where the King, courtiers and sailors end up shipwrecked on the island
Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo -Ariel was present/invisible and mimicking Trinculo’s voice
How magic resolves conflict?
One dramatic technique that helps to present magic-
‘Magic is pivotal to the plot of the play.’
Asides | Asides are instances in the play where a character speaks to the audience and is unheard by the other characters. Shakespeare uses it in Act 1 Scene 2 by Prospero when he sets up the meeting between Ferdinand and Miranda. This helps to present magic in that Prospero uses his art to lure Ferdinand towards his cell. Ariel sings a song about the King whom Ferdinand presumes as dead. The asides reveal the hidden intentions of Prospero to the audience and why he used his magic to bring these two together. Magic helps him to control this scene, even to the point where Miranda looks up and spots Ferdinand, as seen in Prospero’s aside, “Raise the curtains of your eyelids and go take a peek”. Prospero is elated when the prince takes a liking to his daughter and vice versa. In Act 3 Scene 1, Prospero says “thou art infected” to show his contentment that the two have fallen in love. His magic influences the entire love scenario between the two characters. |
Dramatic Irony | Dramatic irony helps to present magic in the scene where Ariel interferes with a conspiracy to murder Prospero. In Act 3 Scene 2, Ariel appears invisible to Stephano, Trinculo and Caliban. He magically changes his voice to that of Trinculo and says “thou liest” repeatedly. Caliban gets angered and the latter begin to fight. The audience realizes it is Ariel’s magic that makes him invisible and the source of bickering between Caliban and Trinculo. However, the characters are unaware and end up with a foolhardy plan to depose Prospero. |
Soliloquy | One soliloquy which highlights magic is found in Act 3 Scene 3 when Ariel appears as a Harpy to remind Alonso and his companions of their ‘sins’. The scene is full of intense magic with thunder, Ariel flapping his wings and the banquet suddenly vanishing. Prospero uses magic to manipulate and humiliate the men which is affirmed when Ariel states that he and Prospero are “ministers of fate”. Ariel's rebuke forces them to realize that everything they have lost is a result of their own sinful actions. Magic gives Prospero and Ariel the power to render the men “vulnerable” and continue their plan of vengeance. |
Spectacle | A spectacle involves an unusual and entertaining segment of a play and in the Tempest, this technique is achieved through the use of magic. The play begins with a violent storm and characters who are in a frenzy trying to survive its impacts. Prospero sends Ariel to magically start this storm and bring the ship with its crew to the island. The scene is very intense with the characters shouting and arguing at one another, for instance, the Boatswain’s orders to Gonzalo, “To cabin, silence! Trouble us not.” As the scene continues, the storm grows fiercer, the howling wind gets louder and stronger, there is thunder and lightning and even the mention of fire. There is total chaos on board and magic is used to break the ship apart. Ariel’s magic renders the crew helpless and prepares them for further plans which Prospero has in store. |
Stage Directions | Stage directions work hand in hand with magic to set the scene in the play. For example, Ariel and Prospero send spirits shaped like hunting dogs to chase off Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo in Act 4 Scene 1. This magical ploy is successful in frightening these three conspirators and preventing their plot. Another instance where the stage directions emphasize magic is seen in Act 5 Scene 1 when Prospero draws a circle with his staff, a major symbol of his magical power. In this circle, Prospero gathers his enemies where they “stand charmed”. At this point, Prospero is about to reveal himself and make the men repent for their actions. |
Imagery | The images of the sea and water help to present magic in the play. The raging sea in Act 1 Scene 1 is magically conjured up by Ariel to shipwreck the mariners on the island. It is all part of Prospero’s plan to exact vengeance on those who betrayed him. For example, the Boatswain explains, “When the sea is. Hence! What cares these roarers for the name of king?” to describe his agitation because he is desperately trying to steer the crew safely. In addition, Miranda mentions the “wild waters” in Act 1 Scene 2 after witnessing the violent storm. This emphasizes the might of the storm and by extension Prospero’s powerful magic. |
NOTES ON; ACT 3 SCENE 2
Read Act 3 Scene 2. Complete the table below by answering the questions on the left box.
LINES | STEPHANO | TRINCULO | CALIBAN |
1-39
Attitudes of each of the three to each other.
Find a quote to support the answer. | Is ‘loyal’ to trinculo but treats Caliban as an unearthly monster/ servant. Shown when he calls him a ‘servant monster’ and constantly orders him to drink more. | “Servant-monster! the folly of this island!” | Begins to distrust Trinculo when ariel interjects with: “Thou liest” when he speaks of being cheated out the island |
40-84
What effect do Ariel’s interjections have on each of the three?
Find quotes. |
| Ariel makes it sound like Trinculo is interrupting which causes the others to become mad. When Caliban says he was enslaved ariel says” thou liest” | “What a pied ninny’s this! Thou scurvy patch!
I do beseech thy Greatness, give him blows,” |
85-120
What do each of the three characters contribute to the plan to kill Prospero and take over the island? | “ Monster, I will kill this man: his daughter and I will be king…” | “Excellent.” Trinculo agrees with Stephano | “There thou mayst brain him, having first seized his books; or batter his skull; or paunch him with a stake; or cut his weasand with thy knife” |
120-end
How do each of the characters react to the invisible music and drumming they can hear?
What do they decide to do at the end? | “If thou beest a man, show thyself in thy likeness. If thou beest a devil, take ’t as thou list” | “This is the tune of our catch played by nobody!” | “Be not afeared; the isle is full of noises, sounds, and sweet airs, that give delight and hurt not.” Caliban ensures Stephano and Trinculo that the music they are hearing isn’t dangerous. |
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